Way Kambas National Park is representative of lowland forest ecosystem consisting of freshwater swamp forest, meadow alang-alang/semak shrub, and coastal forests in Sumatra.
Plant species in national parks include fire-api (Avicennia marina), Pidada (Sonneratia sp.), Palm (Nypa fruticans), Gelam (Melaleuca leucadendron), salam (Syzygium polyanthum), mire (Glochidion borneensis), ketapang (Terminalia cattapa), sea pine (Casuarina equisetifolia), pandan (pandanus sp.), puspa (Schima wallichii), meranti (Shorea sp.), oil (Dipterocarpus gracilis), and ramin (Gonystylus bancanus).
Way Kambas National Park has 50 species of mammals, including Sumatran rhinoceros (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis sumatrensis), Sumatran elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus), Sumatran tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae), tapir (Tapirus indicus), coyotes (Cuon alpinus sumatrensis), gibbon (Hylobates syndactylus syndactylus); 406 species of forest birds including ducks (Cairina scutulata), clothing lawe stork (Ciconia episcopus stormi), stork barrels (Leptoptilos javanicus), blue sempidan (Lophura ignita), pheasants (Argusianus argus argus), pecuk snake (Anhinga melanogaster); various types of reptiles, amphibians, fish, and insects.
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